Sunday, December 29, 2019

The Mass Murder Of A Totalitarian Leader - 1112 Words

In the 1930’s, Germany was under the control of a totalitarian leader, known as Adolf Hitler; Hitler created a cult of personality, using censorship of the press and famous intellectuals of the time, propaganda, and violence to encourage discrimination against Jewish individuals. Discrimination against Jewish individuals was also known as anti-Semitism; hostility and prejudice towards the Jewish race; anti-Semitism can take many different forms, including: Institutional, verbal, or physical. Eventually discrimination, led to violence, and violence transitioned into genocide; the mass murder of a particular ethnic group. In total, over six million men, women, and children were systematically murdered, in one of the largest†¦show more content†¦By 1947, over 30% of Germany’s population was unemployed. Since 505, 000 Jewish individuals lived in Germany before the holocaust, less money was made, and the population suffered, â€Å"How does one mourn for six milli on people who died? How many candles does one light? How many prayers does one recite? Do we know how to remember the victims, their solitude, their helplessness? They left us without a trace, and we are their trace,† (Elie Wiesel). Germany had no way of saving their economy, or repairing it after the execution of that many people. Germany felt the effects of more than 400 decrees and regulations that restricted all aspects of the people’s lives, also known as a totalitarian Government. The Holocaust also cost the German war effort; since a large portion of their population was exterminated. The oppression and discrimination of Jewish people harmed the war effort, by costing more lives, harming Germany’s economy even more than it already had. Only 200,000 of six million Jewish individuals survived the Holocaust, and were able to return to their lives. Due to the decrease of population, Germany’s foreign exchange policy greatly declined, and raw materials s uch as metals, jewelry, stones, pearls, and gold were of no use to the broken economy. The Jewish people also constituted a large part of key strata of society; essential constituents of economic and political development for Germany’s future. The decrease inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book 1984 1452 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The healthy man does not torture others - generally it is the tortured who turn into torturers.† (Carl Jung). Wise words from a man of much honor and knowledge of the totalitarian regimes around the world he lives in. Throughout documented history, torture and force played a role in nearly every totalitarian government. From Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany, to Joseph Stalin s Soviet Union the belief of force and hurting people has been alive, active in the minds of mad men in even the most currentRead MoreEssay about Stalins Russia717 Words   |  3 PagesTo what extent was a totalitarian state established in the USSR in the 1930s? From the start of Stalins self-imposed reign of control he always had the makings as a leader to create a totalitarian government, for example his ideology. Stalin wanted his people to believe that he cared for them. Its interesting to say his because it refers to the sense that Stalin himself believed he owned the Russian people which completely contradicts a lot of what he did and the reasons for whichRead MoreNazi Germany And The Soviet Union Under The Rule Of Adolf Hitler1226 Words   |  5 Pagesachieved through the country s use of technology, propaganda, and horror. A totalitarian government tries to not only control all political and economic factors, but also the values, attitudes, and ideas of its overall population, eradicating the existing society with a utopian one. Many totalitarian methods, however, have distinguished ideological intentions. For example, the states most generally characterized as totalitarian are the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin and Nazi Germany u nder the ruleRead MoreWorld War I And II1057 Words   |  5 Pagescontinental Europe promised for a threatening future. Especially in Germany and Russia, government was at the will of their militaries. Defense spending was at an all time high, conscription was a widely used practice, and modernized weaponry was being mass produced. Militarism, combined with new weapons, emerging technologies and developments in industrial production, fueled a European arms race in the early 1900’s. Europe was at the brink of a long and bloody war. In the midst of a total war, peopleRead MoreHumanity: A Moral History of the 20th Century by Jonathan Glover1325 Words   |  6 Pagescentury contained some of the bloodiest and most gruesome events ever recorded in history. Why do words such as Hiroshima, Rwanda, The Final Solution, A Great Leap Forward, The Great Purge and so many more spark such vivid images of blood, torture and murder in our minds? And despite those horrific images, what is i t that causes us humans time and time again to commit such crimes against humanity? Those are the kinds of questions Jonathan Glover, a critically acclaimed ethics philosopher, tries to answerRead MoreAdolf Hitler And The Middle Class901 Words   |  4 PagesAdolf Hitler was a charismatic Austrian born demagogue that dreamed of world domination. He was a dictator and totalitarian leader who believed he would take control of the world. He exterminated anything that stood in his way. Hitler blamed two things for the turmoil in Germany: Jews and democracy; therefore, he was able to get the middle class on board with his ideas because they were suffering the most in the aftermath of the war. The middle class was paying war reparations, suffering with hyperinflationRead MoreStalin s Impact On The Soviet Union977 Words   |  4 PagesCommunist Party and became the dictator of Russia after Vladimir Lenin’s death in 1924. Stalin was known for his Marxist-Leninist ideology, but his policies soon became known as Stalinism. He rose through the ranks and became one of the most powerful leaders and communist revolutionaries that Russia had ever seen. A few of Stalin’s policies did in fact benefit the social, political and economic prosperity of the country, but overall, his leadership was detrimental to the Soviet Union and its people.Read MoreStalins Launch of the Great Terror Essays1407 Words   |  6 PagesItaly; also he admitted to Kirovs murder. He also admitted to conspiring with Trotsky to destroy Communism - this conspiracy was called the Trotskyite - Zinovievite Conspiracy. The other Trials were in 1937 with Trotsky, but he was not in the country, yet they still said he was the lead conspiracer and a counter-revolutionary. In 1938, Bukharin was put on trial, he admitted to nearly everything except, conspiring to plotting the murder of Lenin. These trials made the Read MoreJosef Stalin and the Cold War925 Words   |  4 Pageswho, was responsible for the rise of the Cold War, and in the aftermath of the Soviet Unions collapse in the 1990s, this argument has intensified. On one side are the traditionalists, who view the Soviet Union, and particularly their tyrannical leader Josef Stalin, as being primarily responsible for the onset of more than 50 years of Cold War. The other side is made up of revisionists, who claim they have taken a more objective look at the facts and come to the conclusion that it was the UnitedRead MoreA Comprehensive Analysis of the Rwandan Genocide to the Holocaust1453 Words   |  6 PagesBeginning on April 6, 1994, Hutus began a mass slaughtering of the Tutsis in the African country of Rwanda. This mass slaughtering is labeled as genocide, the deliberate obliteration of an ethnic, racial, religious, or political group. The Rwandan genocide lasted 100 days while other countries stood idly by and watched the brutal killings continue. The hatred against the Tutsis began after the RPF invasion in October of 1990. Accusations from editorials and radio broadcasts claimed Tutsis wanted

Saturday, December 21, 2019

The Effects of Overcrowded Conditions in US Prisons

Due to budget crises in states across the United States of America, state governments must cut funding to their punishment facilities causing overcrowding in prisons to increase every day. Overcrowded prisons pose a potential breeding ground for crime as hundreds of inmates are squeezed into small accommodations. Thousands of low-level offenders receive jail sentences each day, these criminals make up about a third of the inmates in the United States. In the words of Republican Governor Mitch Daniels of India, in the conservative National Review magazine, â€Å"We are imprisoning, in our most expensive spaces, more people for relatively minor, nonviolent offenses, like low-level property and drug violations. Some of our guests are not with the state corrections system long enough for any rehabilitation, substance-abuse counseling or job training to take place† (Katel). Evidently attention and change to this neglected criminal punishment system need to be addressed. This issue remains a troubling problem in our country, state governments offer the best possible solutions to prison overcrowding such as directing local officials to perform and improve prison construction, rethinking criminal law and responding to budgetary concerns. Evidence shows that overcrowded prison conditions increase crime in these confines, such as inmates attacking guards. Instances like this happen in these unprincipled institutions daily across the United States, making overcrowded prisons dangerous toShow MoreRelatedPrison Overcrowding And Its Effects On The United States Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesPer Derek Gilna’s report on Increase in Federal Prison Population, Overcrowding, prisons have become overpopulated throughout a five-year span from 2006 to 2011 (Gilna, page 48). Prison overcrowding has become a plague in the United States for some time now. The US Bureau of Justice Statistics shows more than two-million adults are incarcerated in US federal and state pris ons. There are many reasons that prisons are becoming overpopulated but not such a certain cause. To fix the problem, attentionRead MoreThe Problem Of Prison Overcrowding1598 Words   |  7 Pagesthe major problem of prison overcrowding and argue that the problem of prison overcrowding would not be ending anytime soon, due to the inadequate attempts by state governments to deal with the inhumane living conditions in overcrowded prisons. This article relates to the topic because the authors analyze how the federal government and some individual states, such as California and Florida, respond to the constrained resources causing unsuitable conditions in overfilled prisons. This source illuminatesRead MoreOverview of Community Corrections in USA1191 Words   |  5 PagesCommunity Corrections Community Corrections are the non-prison penalties that are enforced on convicted, sentenced or arrested adults (i.e. 18 or above) for making crimes. Community corrections are basically planned for the crimes that are petty as compared to the serious offences that are murder, kidnapping or so on. The crimes that are supposed to receive less severe punishment are given in charge of community corrections. These programs focus on non-violent offenders and punish them with probationRead MoreArgumentative Essay on Americas Problem of Prisons897 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica has a major problem with overcrowding in its prisons, and action needs to be taken. Since 1970, the inmate population in the United States has increased over 700%, far greater than the general population as a whole. This has led to declining quality of life within the prison system including 8th Amendment violations and it represents a needless drain on state finances. There is simply no value in keeping non-violent co nvicts in the prison system, sometimes for years. The costs are high, andRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Death Penalty1664 Words   |  7 Pagesback and their trauma can not be forgotten, knowing that the person that caused all this harm is finally out of their lives had a long lasting effect on the victims family for the good. Therefore easing their minds and giving the family a chance to start fresh and put the past behind them. However, some families prefer the criminal to be locked in prison for the rest of their lives; saying that they deserve to live in guilt rather than taking the easy way out. With justice being the main concernRead MoreIllegal Immigration Should Not Be Illegal1722 Words   |  7 Pagesshowing up illegally. There has been the same amount of opportunities as there are obstacles to overcome. Immigration at the U.S. and Mexican border has been a hot topic for decades now. Illegal immigration has not completely shown positive or negative effects on the economy , but more of a combination of the two. Illegal immigrants come to the U.S. to seek for better jobs, they tend to accept any job they are offered. For example, â€Å"[...] illegals can be paid a lower overall hourly wage than American workersRead More The Overcrowding of Prisons Essays1786 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to Mark Early, president of the Prison Fellowship International, the Bureau of Justice Statistics report shows that there are 19 states that have prisons operating at 100 percent capacity and another 20 are falling right behind them. There is no wonder why the overcrowding of prisons is being discussed everywhere. Not to mention how serious this predicament is and how serious it can get. Many of the United States citizens don’t understand why this is such a serious matter due to the factRead MorePrison Overcrowding Essay3058 Words   |  13 PagesPrison Overcrowding In America’s tough economic society, over population has become an exceedingly hot topic issue. However, overcrowding in America’s prison system has been a severe problem since the 1970s. The majority of the changes have come from different policies on what demographic to imprison and for what reason. The perspective of locking up criminals because they are evil is what spawned this (Allen, 2008). Because of this perspective the prison system in America is in need of seriousRead MoreDo We Rely Too Much On The Prison System1305 Words   |  6 Pagesoffenders from a life of crime. As the prison population continues to rise in this country health and safety questions rise as well. Not only for the prisoner but for also for the guards that are there to watch over and protect the inmates. It is time to ask some very important questions regarding sentencing alternatives including; â€Å"Do we rely too much on the prison system†, â€Å"Are there better ways to punish some crimes?† and probably most importantly, â€Å"Does prison truly act as a deterrent to crime?†Read MoreDisproportionate Incarceration of African Americans Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican Americans The disproportionate numbers of African Americans in the prison system is a very serious issue, which is not usually discussed in its totality. However, it is quite important to address the matter because it ultimately will have an effect on African Americans as a whole. Of the many tribulations that plague Americans today, the increase in the amount of African American men and women in prisons is unbelievable. It would be naà ¯ve to say that the increase is due to the fact

Friday, December 13, 2019

Management 3a Free Essays

string(62) " some matter that is of concern to you email odlsupport@oval\." Oval International Computer Education Academic Handbook Open Distance Learning Semester 1 Semester 2 Diploma in Management Year 3 2013 Streams : Marketing Human Resources Finance 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS TOPIC 1. WELCOME 2. STUDENT SUPPORT 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Management 3a or any similar topic only for you Order Now WORKSHOP 4. ASSESSMENT 5. ASSIGNMENT 6. EXAMINATION 7. FINANCE 8. REGISTRATION 9. GENERAL PAGE NUMBER 3-7 8-12 13-15 16 17-34 35-37 38-39 40 41-42 2 1. WELCOME Dear Learner Welcome to Oval International Computer College. We would like to thank you for having selected us as your institution of choice and assure you that we will do our best to support you in all your academic endeavors to ensure you attain success and progress in your chosen career. The Programme you have chosen is accredited by the Council on Higher Education (CHE) and registered with the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) and the Department of Higher Education Training (DHET). FACULTY OF COMMERCE AND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM OFFERING NO 1 2 3 4 PROGRAMME Certificate in Computers and Management (IT,TT,HR MKT) Diploma In Management Diploma in Public Relations Bachelor of Commerce Degree NQF 5 6 6 7 SAQA ID NUMBER 24345 49991 49992 PURPOSE OF THIS ACADEMIC HANDBOOK This handbook aims to serve several purposes. It enables you as the learner to progress comfortably through the syllabus required to study and attain success in the subjects that comprise the learning programme. Presented to you is the following information: 1. An outline of the objectives of the Programme. 2. An academic structure reflecting the subjects comprising the programme. 3. A syllabus coverage per module to advise your planning and aid your progress. 4. Assignments for each module. 5. Examination Guidelines. ARTICULATION Upon successful completion of the programme, learners can articulate to the Diploma in Management or to the Diploma in Information Technology: Business Information Systems 3 DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT NQF : 6 HIGHLIGHTS OF THE PROGRAMME TOTAL CREDITS : 364 SAQA ID No : 49991 SPECIALISATION STREAMS: Marketing Management Human Resource Management Finance Management PURPOSE OF THE PROGRAMME The Diploma in Management has been designed for the learners who are considering a career in any area of management or planning to develop their own business. The programme gives a solid grounding in the fundamental fields of business and management, and provides management knowledge through a mix of core and elective modules. The programme aims at developing the skills to apply the knowledge to the analysis and solution of management problems. As a life-long learner, these skills will enhance your ability to take on new knowledge in your current and any other field of study. We hope that you enjoy the many opportunities that the programme will offer you and wish you every success in your current studies. OVERALL PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES The overall objective of the programme is to carefully integrate the cycle of learning and take you through different phases from laying foundations to application and integration. The programme will facilitate you to understand the interactions between the various functional areas of a business system and thereby appreciate the need for developing cross-functional perspectives in business. The knowledge imparted through the programme will help you to address management related issues in your organisations and arrive at value-enhancing decisions. 4 CHOOSE ONE OF THE THIRD YEAR OPTIONS BELOW AS PER YOUR SELECTED MAJOR SUBECT ACADEMIC STRUCTURE : MARKETING MANAGEMENT STREAM LEVEL 3 MIS CODE MAN301A MAN302B MKT301A MKT302B TQMN302 ECOM301 SBMN301 BPRJ302 SUBJECT Management 3A Management 3B Marketing Management 3A Marketing Management 3B Total Quality Management E-Commerce Small Business Management Business Project TOTAL MODULE FOR 2013 Strategic Management Strategic Management Strategic Marketing Strategic Marketing Total Quality Management E-Commerce Small Business Management Business Project CREDITS 16 16 16 16 12 12 16 16 120 SEM 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 ACADEMIC STRUCTURE : HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STREAM LEVEL 3 SUBJECT Management 3A Management 3B Human Resource Management 3A Human Resource Management 3B Total Quality Management E-Commerce Small Business Management Business Project TOTAL MODULE FOR 2013 Strategic Management Strategic Management Training and Development Industrial Relations Total Quality Management E-Commerce Small Business Management Business Project MIS CODE MAN301A MAN302B HRM301A HRM302B TQMN302 ECOM301 SBMN301 BPRJ302 CREDITS 16 16 16 16 12 12 16 16 120 SEM 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 5 ACADEMIC STRUCTURE : FINANCE MANAGEMENT STREAM LEVEL 3 SUBJECT Management 3A Management 3B Finance Management 3A Finance Management 3B Total Quality Management E-Commerce Fundamentals Small Business Management Business Project TOTAL MODULE FOR 2013 Strategic Management Strategic Management Financial Management III Economic Environment of Business Total Quality Management E-Commerce Fundamentals Small Business Management Business Project MIS CODE MAN301A MAN302B FIN301A FIN302B TQMN302 ECOM301 SBMN301 BPRJ302 CREDITS 16 16 16 16 12 12 16 16 120 SEM 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 6 OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING FLOW CHART FOR THE SEMESTER STEP 1: REGISTRATION 1. Complete an application form 2. You will receive an acceptance letter 3. Pay registration fee and deposit 4. You will receive all study material REMEMBER: Pay fees according to your payment plan STEP 2: REVIEW STUDY MATERIALS 5. Read your academic handbook and understand all processes 6. Study your assignment questions, textbooks slm STEP 3: WORKSHOPS 7. Attend the scheduled workshop STEP 4: ASSIGNEMENT 8. Complete your assignments and submit for assessment. One assignment for every module registered STEP 5: EXAMINATION 9. Write examination according to the timetable 10. Receive your examination results 7 2. STUDENT SUPPORT 2. 1. Introduction In order to ensure you attain success, you are advised to:Have a good knowledge of the prescribed textbooks for your modules Plan a study timetable around the syllabus outlined for you in the Student Handbook. Be strict in adhering to this timetable and studying your syllabus thoroughly Refer to the extra reading material suggested Do as much research as possible to apply to your assignments. Complete your assignments diligently and submit on time Attend workshops for the Academic Year. Contact your Student Support services whenever you want to query some matter that is of concern to you email odlsupport@oval. You read "Management 3a" in category "Papers" co. za 2. 2. First Line Support -Center/Campus Managers -Center /Campus Administrator -Head Office Staff 2. 3 Academic Support -Tutor support We have full time and part time academics nationally and internationally who are appointed to provide the highest standard of service (academic, research, facilitation etc) Some of them are mandated to: 1. Facilitate workshop, telephonic support, email support, contact supported -Program co-coordinators We have national program coordinators for each our faculty; they are responsible for highest quality and standard in their respected faculties The Co-ordinator is also responsible for student support (email is the preferred communication method) The contact details for the co-ordinators will be found within this book. Library service We have a physical library dedicated to Oval students at the Durban campus; Oval has also provided many public libraries with textbooks and self learning material which could be accessed by Oval students (You may check if your local library has been stocked with Oval Textbook and Self Learning Materials odlsupport@oval. co. za ) -General Handbook The general handbook is available on the Oval website or a hard copy is issued to student by request This handbook contains rules and regulations that Oval International practices. The onus is on the students to ensure that they read the general handbook. 8 – Unique Services Registered Oval International students will receive a user name and password which will allow them access onto the OVAL INFINITI PLACE or LEARNER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (LMS). Once a student logs onto the LMS, various services will be available to the student. S. No. 1 Learning Resource SLM (Student Learning Material) Features Learner friendly tutorial-inprint Self instructional, self motivating self stimulating Core learning material hat drives all other learning activities Researched and developed strictly as per the accredited curricula Subject specific repositories of knowledge Exhaustive collection of the subject related information Produced according to the demands of educational institutions Make an easy and interesting read Designed to aid and reinforce the learning from SLM Interactive, easy to understand and engaging for learners Contain concise and bulleted information Illustr ative in nature; inclusive of diagrams, tables, drawings, photos etc. Extensive collection of subject specific books Housed with books written by internationally reputed authors Repository of excellent visual resources Enriches the knowledge base on and beyond the curricula Comprehensive collection of academic instructions on significant topics and burning issues Hosts international experts as speakers on related issues 9 Learner Activity Understand Learning Objectives Combine the knowledge provided and own experience Analyse cases and solve problems Take self performance feedback by answering review questions Note relevant doubts Textbooks 3 E-Lectures 4 E-Library Read in accordance with the syllabus Pay special attention to the illustrative examples, case studies, figures, etc. Solve examples, review questions and any other exercise given Revise the content read Reread the difficult topics Understand the learning objectives Be self directed Note all important bulleted information Solve exercises given at the end Revise the topic Revisit the difficult topics to reinforce learning outcomes Visit the library as often as possible Make comprehensive study of the books osted Try to read beyond the curricula Note all information that might be useful for further reference Attend the seminars as often as possible Listen carefully Go through the presentations used by the speakers Read the speaker transcript 5 E-Seminar 6 Breakthrough Magazine 7 Online Assessment Topics chosen are of global relevance and importance Includes presentations and transcripts by the speakers Online magazine published monthly Forwarded to managers across African Continent Targets Government Departments, Academia and Business. Contributors include foremost academicians from leading universities in India and Africa Measures how much has been understood after going through all learning resources Shows you where you need to emphasize Ensures that you have learned and understood the subject Provides to check your skills in complete privacy as and when required Note all information that might be useful for further reference Read the magazine to be updated on relevant issues Learn by hands on experience of others Understand what is happening in your as well as related industry/ industries Note all information that might be useful for further reference Take 3 random quizzes from an exhaustive pool of multiple choice questions Gauge your performance in the tests Revise in the other learning resources, the topics you did not perform well in OVAL INFINITI PLACE Oval’s Infiniti Place (A virtual Online Portal) is your ticket to experience the classroom of tomorrow. So what is INFINITI PLACE? A web based classroom accessible from anywhere unlocking infinite possibilities for all South Africans. Infiniti Place is an education portal designed to be populated with hundreds of academic textbooks and reference material for online studies and resembles the services of a traditional classroom that could be accessible from anywhere, anytime for study purposes. Learners accessing the portal will have access to a host of E-services including e-books, e-lectures, e-seminars, evideos, breakthrough magazines and online dictionaries. Have you ever wondered what it would be like to take your lecturer back home each day? Well, look no further, our e-solution allows you access to your lectures and academic content, Anywhere, Anytime†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Our ground breaking solution has been developed to answer the problem areas experienced by many learners in South Africa. Having analyzed and studied student trends we have realized a major gap exists when it’s comes to competency and efficiency of students. Our e-solution has been pioneered to address these challenges enabling students to cope more efficiently with their academic curriculum and thereby enhancing their chances of excelling in their tests and examinations. Furthermore, our mission is inkeeping with Governments vision to educate the masses in rural areas thereby removing the digital divide that is prevalent in South Africa today. Up and until the recent past internet connectivity was accessible only to a privileged few. However with diminishing bandwidth costs and supplier competition the cost of bandwidth has reduced substantially and has served as a cost effective enabler to our virtual solution. Exciting times lie ahead for students and I humbly request that you familiarize yourself with Oval’s online portal. Academic content will be populated (phased-in) onto the portal as we move into semester 2. Should you require any assistance kindly direct an email to portalqueries@oval. co. za or telephone our ICT help-desk on 031 3056192. 10 1. How do I access the online system? Go to www. oval. co. za or www. myovalportal. com/dev Enter in your Username and Password that has been smsed or emailed to you. 2. I have logged onto the e-platform and discover that I am registered for the wrong modules. What should I do? Download a query form from the Oval website (www. oval. co. a) – Click on the Downloads section. This query form should then be forwarded to the MIS department via email (portalqueries@oval. co. za ) or fax (031 3062150) to the attention of the MIS Manager. Alternatively students may contact the MIS department directly on 031 3056192 3. I have paid my fees but the incorrect amount is being reflected on my student account. What should I do? Contact the Admin Department situated at the Durban Campus. Contact mode students are kindly requested to telephone 031 3053072. For ODL related queries kindly telephone 031 3056192 FEATURES IN THE ONLINE SYSTEM Features Profile Fee Description Biodata of students as completed in his/her application form is accessible via the Profile feature. Should any data be found to be incorrect, students have the option of updating their profile. Students are able to access amounts owing to the institution via this feature. An online payment gateway will also be shortly integrated into the system whereby students could pay their fees owing to the institution electronically. The Life-blood of Oval’s E-platform is contained in its â€Å"Study room† feature. This electronic environment brings together a myriad of e-services such as e-books, e-lectures, e-dictionaries, online assessments, e-guidance e-learning pages that aims at transforming your educational experience with the institution. Students can save notes, add discussion topics, as well as view reference material via the Study room. This feature enables students to electronically view and submit their assignments on a per module basis. Via this feature learners can search for articles and information on any imaginable topic. Students around the country as well as the globe now have access to a Live Chat-room whereby they could discuss areas of difficulty, brainstorm and share ideas relating to their studies. Students can email and chat to faculty staff members via the Studyroom feature. Students will have access to all of their academic resources via this link (Past year papers, Powerpoint Presentations, Learning Content) Studyroom Assignment Knowledge Base Live Chat-room Email Chat (Faculty) Academic Resources 11 Photo Album Time Table Noticeboard Holidays Helpful Links Notice (Inbox) Change Password Campus events are captured and uploaded for our students viewing pleasure on a daily basis. View this space to gain a sense of student-Oval Life, which is a culmination of the various cultures, human values and creed in society. Access to exam and class timetables. Notices pertaining to DP tests, Campus Closure, Campus events, etc are put up on a daily basis for students to take heed off. Displays National Holidays as approved by the South African Government. Provides access to study techniques skills, Child-line, SANCA etc From time to time students will receive notices from their faculty via the Notice feature which is situated the main menu panel on the top of the screen. Students can change their passwords at anytime via the Change Password feature. Students are hereby cautioned that their passwords should not be divulged to other students etc Note: E-Services are in different stages of development . Remember the service mentioned above is unique and one of its kinds in South Africa and the Africa Continent has whole. 12 3. WORKSHOPS 3. Introduction One Workshop, per Semester is scheduled at our designated venues. Workshops have been carefully structured to provide summative tuition by the module co-coordinators in each module you are studying as well as providing clear guidelines on examination preparation and answering techniques. The workshops provide an ideal platform for students to address academic queries. 3. 2 Workshop Venues Dates 1ST SEMESTER WORKSHOP (LECTURES) DATE ND RD CENTER OR CAMPUS REGISTERED STUDENTS 1. DURBAN CAMPUS, 2. KWA-MASHU CENTER 3. PHOENIX CENTER 4. MALANGENI CENTER 5. PIETERMARITZBURG , 6. IMPENDLE CENTER 7. POMEROY CENTER 8. JOZINI CENTER 9. LADYSMITH CENTER 10. ST. CHADS CENTER 11. WATERSMEET CENTER 12. IMBAZANE CENTER 13. ALL OTHER CENTERS 1. JOHANNESBURG (BRAAMFONTEIN) WORKSHOP VENUE DURBAN CAMPUS – 27/31 Joe Slovo Street (Field Street) OVAL BUILDING CONTACT NO 031 -3056192 3 YEAR STUDENTS 13 14 April 2013 ST ALL 1 YEAR STUDENTS 16 17 March 2013 ALL 2 ALL 2 3 YEAR STUDENTS 13 14 April 2013 ST ALL 1 YEAR STUDENTS 16 17 March 2013 ND RD JHB CAMPUS – 43 Biccard Street,Braamfortein OVAL BUILDING 011-4031151 ALL 2 3 YEAR STUDENTS 13 14 April 2013 ST ALL 1 YEAR STUDENTS 16 17 March 2013 ND RD 1. CAPE TOWN CAPE TOWN CAMPUS71 Burg Street OVAL BUILDING 021-4265135 13 2ND SEMESTER WORKSHOP (LECTURES) WORKSHOP VENUE DURBAN CAMPUS – 27/31 Joe Slovo Street (Field Street) OVAL BUILDING CONTACT NO 031 -3056192 DATE ALL 2 3 YEAR STUDENTS 14 15 September 2013 ST ALL 1 YEAR STUDENTS 7 8 September 2013 ND RD CENTER OR CAMPUS REGISTERED STUDENTS 1. DURBAN CAMPUS, 2. KWA-MASHU CENTER 3. PHOENIX CENTER 4. MALANGENI CENTER 5. PIETERMARITZBURG , 6. IMPENDLE CENTER 7. POMEROY CENTER 8. JOZINI CENTER 9. LADYSMITH CENTER 10. ST. CHADS CENTER 11. WATERSMEET CENTER 12. IMBAZANE CENTER 13. ALL OTHER CENTERS 1. JOHANNESBURG (BRAAMFONTEIN) ALL 2 3 YEAR STUDENTS 14 15 September 2013 ST ALL 1 YEAR STUDENTS 7 8 September 2013 ND RD JHB CAMPUS – 43 Biccard Street,Braamfortein OVAL BUILDING 011-4031151 ALL 2 3 YEAR STUDENTS 14 15 September 2013 ST ALL 1 YEAR STUDENTS 7 8 September 2013 ND RD 1. CAPE TOWN CAPE TOWN CAMPUS71 Burg Street OVAL BUILDING 021-4265135 14 3. 3 Workshop Program Workshop timetables/programs will be available three weeks prior to the workshop scheduled date. Students will receive notification by email, text message etc. Remember the onus is upon the student to query with Oval International if communication is not received. On the days of the workshop designated Oval support staff will assist you to understand the timetable/schedule, and direct you to your class and assist with all your administration queries. 3. 4 Information for the workshop -Please read relevant study material before the workshop to enhance your participation in the lectures -Student should come prepare with questions that they find challenging -Workshop programs are provisional and are subjected to change -Lectures may be cancelled on he day due unforeseen circumstances -Students will be provided with short surveys to complete (how to improve the workshop etc) -Every student must sign the register of attendance -You are required to carry you own writing material -If you don’t attend the workshop, the discussion in the workshop is not documented hence we will not be able to provide you with notes Note: It is not compulsory for students to attend the workshop, but Oval encourages all students to attend. 15 4. ASSESSMENT 4. Introduction Open Distance Learning (ODL) students are assessed in two ways for the program, namely assignments and examinations 4. 2 Breakdown of Assessment -You are required to achieve an overall final mark of at least 50% in order to pass a module The final marks are calculated as follows: 40% Assignment Mark + 60% examination Mark =100% Final Mark Calculations Example: Student Mary receives Assignment 40% of 65 marks =26 marks Examination 60% of 60 marks =36 marks Total =62 marks The results are evaluated as follows: 0%-24% 25%-49% 50%-74% 75%-100% Failed Supplementary Passed Passed with Distinction . 3 Plagiarism Plagiarism, cheating and fabrication of information is an offence (example: copying information from the website without referencing the source is plagiarism). Research material for assignments, case studies and seminars must be acknowledged . In other words, in-text re ferencing is required to prevent plagiarism. Oval International Academic Board will investigate each case. 16 5. ASSIGNMENT 5. 1 Introduction You are required to submit 1 Assignment per module per Semester. The assignment questions will be provided to you. The assignment marks will count toward your final mark for the Semester. The assignments constitute 40% of your final Semester mark. The final Semester Exam mark constitutes 60% towards your final Semester mark. Please ensure that, before you submit your individual assignments, you complete the requisite â€Å"Assignment Cover Sheet† (see later) to ensure that it reaches the correct assessor. (A) Faculty of Commerce and Management 1. Public Relation 2. Certificate in Computers and Management (HRMKT) 3. Diploma in Management (HR, FIN MKT) 4. Bachelor’s Degree in Management (HR, FIN MKT) (B) Faculty of Science and Technology 1. Certificate in Computer and Management (IT) 2. Diploma in Information Technology 3. Bachelor’s degree Science (Information Technology) (c) Faculty of Hospitality and Tourism 1. Certificate in Computer and Management (TT) 2. Diploma in Travel and Tourism 3. Bachelor’s degree in Travel and Tourism 5. 2 Submission The preferred method of submission is email; Assignments can be submitted through the following methods 5. 2. Electronically by Email Students registered in the following facilities must submit their assignment through the applicable email address below: FACULTY 1. COMMERCE AND MANAGEMENT 2. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 3. HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM ASSIGNMENT EMAIL ADDRESS commerceassignments@oval. co. za itassignments@oval. co. za ttassignments@oval. co. za Acknowledgement of receipt of assignment: Email submission of assignment will be confirmed within 3 to 5 working days. If you don’t receive a confirmation by email, kindly contact Oval Head Office. 17 . 2. 2 Hand delivers your assignment to the nearest center/campus You may hand in your assignments to an Oval administrator. Head Office: OVAL INTERNATIONAL 31 JOE SLOVO (FIELD) STREETS, DURBAN 4001 OR Acknowledgement of receipt of assignment: To any of our Oval centers nearest you where you must ensure you sign the assignment register 5. 2. 3 Postal System You may post you assignment to: Head Office : OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING MANAGER P. O. Box 2671 UMHLANGA ROCKS 4320 Acknowledgement of receipt of assignment: We don’t confirm this method 5. 2. Courier Services Deliver Head Office : 31 JOE SLOVO (FIELD) STREETS, DURBAN 4001 Acknowledgement of receipt of assignment: We don’t confirm this method Faxed assignments will not be accepted. NOTE: Whichever method of submission you prefer, ensure that your assignment is received by OVAL on the due date. 5. 3 Number of copies You are required to submit only ONE copy of your assignment. 5. 4 Release of assignment results Assignment marks will be released to student 30 working days after due date Marked assignment can be collected at your nearest center/campus 35 working days after submission 5. Extension for submission of assignments An extension for submission of assignment will only be granted in exceptional circumstances/cases Extension will not be considered for the following reasons: -Work commitments -Unwell for a short period -Computer issues 18 -Email not functioning 5. 6 Late submission In case of an extension being requested the student is required to: 1. Contact OVAL international Head office one week before the due date and inform the Manager of this request for extension, with reasons. 2. Provide evidence warranting the extension when submitting the assignment late. 3. Only students who have been granted an extension for an assignment will not be penalized by having their mark capped (minus marks). 4. Capping of late assignments, minus 10% per day after due date AND thereafter 5. 7 Remarking of assignments Remarking of assignment will only be considered within 3 days after the marked assignment are available at your campus or center A fee of R200. 00 per assignment will be charged for the re-mark. In the event of a discrepancy between the original mark and the remark the higher mark will be considered Application for remark form must be completed and forward to odlsupport@oval. co. za 5. Assignment due date 1st semester due date 2nd semester due date : 15 April 2013 : 25 September 2013 5. 9 General assignment guide lines The information for the preparation of the ODL Assignments and individual topic is covered in the Academic Handbook. This document is designed to assist in the preparation for the conceptualizing, researching and writing of Assignm ents. 19 5. 10 How to approach an Assignment: pre assignment information What is an assignment? An assignment is a written test that gauges your ability to conduct Research, collect and collate information, and argue your case in coherent and explicable terms. Firstly, a Research Design is made to set out how you are going to approach your assignment. The way to make out such a design is to brainstorm the topic of your assignment and then arrange those ideas into a coherent order in terms of how you think the assignment will unravel. Underline key elements of the assignment topic. This first step depends on the depth to which you would like to probe the subject. It would be best to treat an assignment as a serious reflection of your ability to probe a subject. Your Research Design is a good indicator of the strategy you are going to expiate on your subject. Secondly, collecting and collating information is crucial. The Internet simplifies your task since it should contain practically all that is necessary for your assignment. If it does not, it should still contain references where you can locate the desired information. Use additional sources of reference eg, textbooks, journals periodicals, newspapers etc How would you collect and store the information? You need a system of storage where you can recall all that you have collected. The way to do this is to have a meticulous index of the materials collected and stored for instant recall. This point must be scrupulously adhered to, otherwise your material collection and collation would result in a mess from which you would not be able to extract what you readily need. Set yourself flexible time schedules to accomplish each task. Your Research Design should take a certain allotted time, your data collection (including reading or surfing the internet) should likewise take a certain time and your collation (which can be done simultaneously with the collection) should also have a definite time slot. Remember your indexing system is the key to the material you collected, and it must be meticulously made. It is the key to your system since it informs you where you can find the material that you have had to collect Set aside time to scrutinize you index and your material. Argue in a style and pattern that your reader can follow with ease. Maintain subject heading to guide you along. Be clear concise and lucid. Always have a dictionary at your side to look into the meaning of words and a Thesaurus to look for alternative words that can improve the explanation of your ideas. Try to always use a computer word processing package to look for antonyms and synonyms. Once you have crafted a working draft of your assignment you have completed 75% of your task. The rest follows as a matter of course Proof read your final draft a few times and makes notes on the draft. Make sure that your assignment conforms to the required template namely Typed cover page Contents Page Introduction Body (comprising headings and sub-headings Conclusion Bibliography And that the font size should be Arial 12. Use one line spacing This will assist when you prepare the final write up. 20 5. 11 ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS (DUE DATE) SEMESTER 1(All 1st semester assignments are due on the 15 April 2013) OUTLINE OF MODULES AND ASSIGNMENT TOPICS MANAGEMENT 3A – STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT (MAN301A) Markets differ in a variety of ways including the degree of concentration and competitiveness, a fact which is reflected in the concept of ‘market structure’. Economists’ models link the structural characteristics of a market to the behaviour of firms in that market and subsequently to their performance. A key question therefore is how far a firm’s strategic decisions are shaped by the structure of the market in which it operates. ASSIGNMENT : You are required to undertake a detailed examination of 1. The changing nature of the long-haul transatlantic airline market. The market you are required to investigate comprises only the international passenger market (i. e. Excluding the movement of goods by air) 2. The existing market structure (25) (25) 3. Examine the changing external environment and consider the emerging strategy of the airline operators in this sector by making an intensive pestel analysis (50) You are required to do intensive research about Questions 1-4 Assignment guidelines Your assignment should include a Table of Contents page. YOUR ASSIGNMENTS MUST INCLUDE: Typed cover page Table of Contents Introduction Body Conclusion References Font size not larger than Arial 12 Spacing: 1? lines Your answers must include any theories, charts, tables or exhibits necessary to support your analysis and recommendations. – References – At least 5 sources of reference must be included in your bibliography. 21 MARKETING MANAGEMENT 3A – STRATEGIC MARKETING 3A (MKT301A) The module offers learners the knowledge to develop and plan marketing strategies, using Various tools and methods. Topics covered Definitions and concepts Marketing components Marketing concept Value chain and benchmarking Environmental analysis An overview of strategic planning Mission and vision BCG growth share matrix Pricing strategies Marketing strategy Segmentation Assignment Question 1 1. 1 Explain the product/market growth matrix. (also provide a diagram) 1. . Identify and discuss ten (10) pricing strategies. Question 2 2. 1 E marketing plays a major role in business. Formulate an E marketing strategy for a retail company 2. 2 Discuss three (3) levels at which differentiated marketing can operate. 2. 3 Outline five (5) benefits of segmentation. Instructions Your assignment must be at least 5 typed pages in length and include: A cover page Contents page Introduction Body Conclusion References Font size not larg er than 12 [50 marks] (20) (30) [50marks] (20) (20) (10) HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 3A – TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT (HRM301A) It will equip the leaner with the knowledge and skills to; successfully plan and implement Training and development strategies, understand the process which will enable them to better formulate strategies that appeal specifically to that group, understand the importance of the human resource manager in an organization, in identifying the relevant markets, determining their needs in relation to that of the organization, identifying the products that best able to reach them and to formulate messages to reach these markets. 22 Learning Outcomes Understand the concept of training and development Analyse the need for training Assess training needs Understand the methods and techniques of training Describe management development Identify types of learning Describe the characteristics of learning organisations Analysis of performance appraisal Promotions, Transfers, Demotion Topics covered: Organizational training : an overview Concept of Training and development Assessment of training needs Concept of training needs assessment Lectures Commence Methods and techniques of training On the job training Management development Concept of development Methods of management Decision making skills Interpersonal skills Introduction to learning Characteristics of learning organisations Performance appraisal Features and objectives of appraisal Methods of performance appraisal Traditional and modern methods Promotions,Transfers,Demotions Internal mobility Transfers, Promotion and demotion ASSIGNMENT 1 Question 1: (100 mar ks) (50) Topic: A Performance appraisal is said to be an excellent evaluation tool. ? Research and present information on the following: ? Features of performance appraisal ? Objectives of performance appraisal ? The performance appraisal process ? Methods of performance appraisal Your topic should include recommendations and the basis of conclusion for your topic. Question 2: (24) Critically analyse the three basic techniques of training and use some schematic representation to illustrate your points. 2. 1 On the job training 2. 2 Of the job methods 2. 3 Training techniques (8) (8) (8) 23 Question 3: 3. 1 Explain the criteria which can be used in choosing an organizational training and development strategy. 3. 2 Briefly explain the key assumptions of strategic human resources development. (26) (13) (13) FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT – FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT (FIN301A) This module will equip the leaner with the knowledge and skills to; successfully plan and conduct financial information and financial strategies, understand the process which will enable them to better formulate decisions that appeal specifically to that business understand the importance of the financial manager in an organization, in identifying the relevant markets, determining their needs in relation to that of the organization, identifying the products that best able to reach them and to formulate messages to reach these markets. Learning Outcomes Understand the financial management process – review. Analyse the nature of financial management Framework for financial management Mergers and acquisitions Distinguish between the types of leases Dividends International financial management Cost of debt Sources of finance TOPIC TO BE COVERED Review of financial management 2 Working capital management Concepts of working capital management Cash Management Capital Structures Nature of cash Motives for holding cash Receivables management Inventory management Components of inventory, Motives of inventory Objectives] Sources of working capital, Financing of variable working capital, long term working capital, Sources of working capital ASSIGNMENT 1 Question 1 1. 1 State and discuss three (3) types of mergers 1. 2 Mergers may occur due to several factors. Identify and describe eight (8) reasons for mergers. 1. 3 State ways in which a firm can expand its operations. 100 MARKS] (50 marks) 24 Question 2 (50 marks) 2. 1 Some of the assumptions that underlie a model developed by Markowitz and Sh arpe are elements of modern portfolio theory. Critically analyze this statement. 2. 2 Identify and explain the fundamental objective of the financial manager as well as his subsidiary objectives. 2. 3 Discuss the concept of the Agency Theory. Your assignments must include: Typed cover page References Font size not larger than Arial 12 SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT (SBMN301) The module will equip the learner with the following: entrepreneurship skills so that they can manage their own businesses and function effectively within its structure. Learning Outcomes Describe what makes a successful entrepreneur, and see if you have those characteristics Describe where small business fits into the business environment Identify small business opportunities and assess their viability Draw up a business plan Understand the procedure s and implications of establishing your own business Setting up a business Topics Covered: What is an entrepreneur, differences between an entrepreneur , small business manager Key success factors of entrepreneur Functional management skills and external factors Production factors Lectures commence Sectors in which small business can be involved Objectives of entrepreneurs, formal and informal enterprises Advantages and disadvantages of the forms Of enterprises From small business perspective. Stages of setting up a business, Business options Developing ideas and assess their feasibility, Needs and haracteristics of consumers Lectures commence Cultivation a creative attitude towards business idea Approa ches to generating business idea. Difference between a feasibility study and a viability study , Mission and objectives of for an enterprise Expected market share, market segments, Calculating the income, expenses and net Profit, Setting a selling price, Contents of a business plan, 25 ASSIGNMENT [100 MARKS] Critically discuss the forms of ownership and their relevance in today’s business operations. Your discussion should include some recommendations as a way forward taking into consideration the government legislation on business options in South Africa. YOUR ASSIGNMENT MUST BE APPROXIMATELY FIVE TYPED PAGES IN LENGTH AND INCLUDE: Typed cover page contents page introduction Body conclusion References font size not larger than Arial 12 E-COMMERCE FUNDAMENTALS – ECOM301 Topics Covered: What is E-Commerce E-Commerce Transactions Electronic Commerce and Framework Electronic Commerce Media Convergence E-Commerce in South Africa ( Students to Research) Anatomy of E-Commerce Applications Components of I-Way Global Information Distribution Networking Public Policy issues shaping I-Way Electronic Commerce and World Wide Web What are the E-Commerce Application Services The advantages and disadvantages of E-Commerce Technology behind the Web The E-Commerce Process Merchant’s Perspective Customers Perspective Issues in Customer Care and Services How E. Commerce transaction Takes place Electronic Data Interchange Factors of Electronic Payment Systems Electronic Payment Systems Steps and Benefits Market players in E-Commerce E- Commerce Business models 26 Benefits of Automation Framework of Computing (Devices used) ASSIGNMENT 1 1. 2. 3. 4. (100 marks) (30) (30) (20) (20) In a short essay, discuss the overview of E-Commerce in South Africa Discuss the issues in Customer Care and services of E-Commerce Discuss the attractions and detractions of the use of E-Commerce Discuss the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) transaction steps in E-Commerce Your assignment must include: – Title page – Contents page – Introduction – Literature – Conclusion – 5 References – Font size – Arial 12 27 SEMESTER 2 (All 2nd semester assignments are due on the 25 September 2013) OUTLINE OF MODULES AND ASSIGNMENT TOPICS MANAGEMENT 3B – STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 302 (MAN302B) [100 marks] Markets differ in a variety of ways including the degree of concentration and competitiveness, a fact which is reflected in the concept of ‘market structure’. Economists’ models link the structural characteristics of a market to the behaviour of firms in that market and subsequently to their performance. A key question therefore is how far a firm’s strategic decisions are shaped by the structure of the market in which it operates. ASSIGNMENT [100 Marks] QUESTION 1 A vertical integration strategy has appeal only if it significantly strengthens a firm’s competitive position. Describe the above statement with regards to: 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3. 1. 4 Integrating Backward to Achieve Greater Competitiveness Integrating Forward to Enhance Competitiveness The Pros and Cons of a Vertical Integration Strategy Outsourcing Strategies: Narrowing the Boundaries of the Business (When Outsourcing Strategies are Advantageous) (15) (15) (15) (20) QUESTION 2 Identify and discuss in detail three strategic vision and mission statements of three prominent companies worldwide accordingly. Explain the extent that these companies have achieved their respective mission and vision PN the companies you have identified can be located in any industry of your choice (35) MARKETING 3B – STRATEGIC MARKETING (MKT302B) The purpose of this module is to equip the learner with the knowledge and skills to; successfully understand and implement marketing strategies with the aid of research, analyse the process which will enable them to better formulate strategies that appeal specifically to that market, understand the importance of the marketing manager in an organization, in identifying the relevant markets, determining their needs in relation to that of the organization, identifying the products that best able to reach them and to formulate messages to reach these markets. LEARNING OUTCOMES: On completion of this module, learners should have a basic / fundamental practical and theoretical knowledge of: The value and nature of strategic management. An overview of strategic management. Strategic Planning. Strategic Implementation. Strategy Control 28 Core competence Competitive advantage Developing alternative strategies Strategy formulation Types of strategy Strategy implementation TOPICS COVERED Consumer decision process New product development Product life cycle Product mix Branding Packaging Positioning Concept of unique positioning Types of positioning Repositioning ASSIGNMENT TOPIC: SEGMENTING AND TARGETING [100Marks] 1. Identify and discuss the benefits of segmentation 2. Describe the factors affecting the feasibility of segmentation 3. There are a wide variety of variables than can be used to segment the consumer market. Discuss four variables. 4. Benefits sought by consumers are more likely to determine purchase behavior. Formulate a benefit segmentation table of Colgate toothpaste. 5. Outline and describe the eight stages of the segmentation, targeting and positioning process. (5Ãâ€"20 marks ) YOUR ASSIGNMENT MUST BE APPROXIMATELY FIVE TYPED PAGES IN LENGTH AND INCLUDE: Typed cover page contents page introduction Body conclusion References font size not larger than Arial 12 29 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 3B – INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS (HRM302B) The purpose of this module is to give learners a thorough understanding of Labour relations required to enter the business/employment world. Learning Outcomes The course will provide an in-depth insight into the nature, context and scope of the field of Industrial Relations. Explain in detail Fairness, Grievance and Disciplinary Procedure To explain the balance between a generic perspective on Industrial Relations, and its application in the South African contest. Describe the history of IR in South Africa Explain in detail the legislation in SA concerning Industrial Relations and employment Discuss the parties involved in the relationship Discuss the use of collective bargaining Discuss in detail Conflict and Dispute Management TOPICS COVERED: The industrial Relations systems The South African Industrial system Legislative framework governing Employment Relations Trade Unions and employer Organisations Collective Bargaining Discipline, Dismissal and Unfair labour practice Assignment: [100 Marks] Discipline refers to a procedure that corrects or punishes a subordinate because a rule or procedure has been violated. Discuss with examples the three approaches to discipline and final state what constitutes unfair and fair dismissal of employees according to Labour Relations Act of South Africa. Students are advised to search some information they can use to Google search. Marking Allocation: Table of Contents Introduction and Definitions Body (sub-topics integration) Researching and referencing Application of appropriate examples Conclusion (Recommendations) Class discussion / participation including attendance Bibliography (Harvard Method) (5) (10) (40) (15) (10) (10) (5) (5) 30 FINANCE MANAGEMENT 3B – ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS (FIN302B) This module will equip the leaner with the knowledge and skills to; successfully plan and conduct financial information and financial strategies, understand the process which will enable them to better formulate decisions that appeal specifically to that business, understand the importance of the financial manager in an organization, in identifying the relevant markets, determining their needs in relation to that of the organization, identifying the products that best able to reach them and to formulate messages to reach these markets. Learning Outcomes Understand the financial management process -review Analyse the nature of financial management Framework for financial management Mergers and acquisitions Distinguish between the types of leases dividends international financial management Cost of debt Sources of finance TOPICS COVERED Poison pills Corporate governance leasing , Hire purchase Accounting aspects, Asset and liabilities management Financial institutions Role in economic development Duration analysis Gap analysis Commercial banks [100 Marks] Question One Discuss the concept of the Agency Theory. Question Two Explain the use and importance of the following financial ratios: 2. 1 Liquidity ratios 2. 2 Leverage ratios 2. 3 Activity ratios 2. 4 Profitability ratios Question Three 3. 1 Define a merger and explain two types of mergers. 3. 2 Poison pills are securities that safeguard a firm’s takeover. Explain two types of poison pill plans. Assignment 1 (20) (20) (5) (5) (5) (5) (15) (10) 31 Question Four The information below is provided by Balls Traders 2011 sales Cost of sales depreciation interest dividends Current assets Net non current assets Current liabilities Long term debt The Tax rate is 30% Required: Use the above information to: 4. 1. Draw up the income statement for 2012 4. 2. Draw up the balance sheet for 2012 4. 3. Calculate the net investment in non current assets at the end of 2011 2012 (10) (10) (15) R3790 2043 975 225 150 2140 6770 994 2869 (35) 2012 R3990 2035 1018 267 207 2346 7087 1126 2956 TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT – TQMN302 The purpose of this module is to introduce the learner to fundamental techniques of Total Quality Management. Learning Outcomes On completion of this module, learners should have a basic / fundamental practical and theoretical knowledge of: Understanding Quality Quality Philosophies TQM –concepts and Principles Problem solving and improvement HRM System Statistical Tools Cost control TQM Benchmarking Topics Covered: Understanding Quality. Planning, Control and Improvement, Quality Perspectives, Quality Management, strategies, Case studies. Quality Philosophies. Definition, Implementation and Models, Case Studies Introducing TQM Concepts and Principles. Definition, Scope, Initiatives and Creativity, Measures of Quality, Failures. Case Studies 32 Problem Solving and Continuous Improvement. Six Sigma, Meaning, Concepts and Implementation, Similarities and Differences Systems- Reengineering. Definition, Components, Results, Case studies HRM Systems, Strategic planning for HRM, TQM Environment, Personnel, Labour Relations Elements of risk, Pareto analysis, Concentration diagrams, Sampling, Case Studies Statistical tools, definition Cost Control Implementation, Case Study TQM Bench Marking, Definition, Benefits Implementation, Case studies ASSIGNMENT [100 marks] Question 1 (50) Reengineering as stated by Michael Hammer is a holistic dramatic change that occurs when a Company radically redesigns work for quantum improvements in performance. Each organisation must determine for itself the right time to reengineer. Discuss how Kodak had used reengineering to bring it’s product into the market, when FUJI, its main rival, introduced a new 35mm single-use camera. Question 2 : (50) There are two dimensions of quality. The first is the dimension of conformance and the second is about perceived quality. Discuss these statements fully taking into consideration the requirements below: (a) The different categories of Conformance. (Illustrate with a diagram) (b) Implementation of Quality Cost Monitoring Systems. YOUR ASSIGNMENTS MUST BE APPROXIMATELY FIVE TYPED PAGES IN LENGTH AND INCLUDE: 1. Typed cover page 2. Contents 3. Introduction 4. Body 5. Conclusion 6. References BUSINESS PROJECTS – BPR0J302 Semester Assignment: Write a detailed business plan for a new business venture. Your plan should include the following relevant sections: Contents of a business plan: 1. Executive summary 2. Organizational background 2. 1 Current status 2. 2 Management team 3. Marketing plan 3. 1 Pricing (100 marks) 33 3. 2 Demand management 3. 3 Distribution/Positioning 3. 4 Promotion and brand development 4. Operational plan 4. 1 Manufacturing/deployment plan 4. 2 Information and communications technology plan 4. 2. 1 Staffing needs 4. 2. 2 Training requirements 4. 2. 3 Intellectual property plan 4. 2. 4 Acquisition plan 4. 2. 5 Organizational learning plan 4. 3 Cost allocation model 5. Financial plan 5. 1 Current financing 5. 2 Funding plan 5. 3 Financial orecasts 6. Risk analysis 6. 1 Risk evaluation 6. 2 Risk management plan 7. Decision making criteria 34 6. EXAMINATION 6. 1 Introduction 6. 2 Examination venues dates 1st SEMESTER FINAL EXAMINATION CENTER OR CAMPUS REGISTERED Examination STUDENTS venue Durban campus, Kwa-Mashu, 27/31 Joe Slovo Phoenix, Malangeni Street (Fie ld Street) Pietermaritzburg Impendle 12-26 June 2013 12-26 June 2013 12-26 June 2013 12-26 June 2013 Johannesburg (Braamfontein) Cape Town Jozini Ladysmith, St. Chads, Watersmeet, Imbazane, Pomeroy 218 Berg Street PMB 43 Biccard Street 71 Burg Street To be announced To be announced DATE 12-26 June 2013 CONTACT NO 031 3056192 2-26 June 2013 033-3452984 011-4031151 021-4265135 0798318452 DATE 29 July 2013-2 August 2013 1st SEMESTER SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATION STUDENT AT THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS CENTERS Durban campus, Kwa-Mashu, 27/31 Joe Slovo Phoenix, Malangeni Street (Field Street) Pietermaritzburg Impendle 218 Berg Street PMB 43 Biccard Street 71 Burg Street To be announced To be announced CONTACT NO 031 3056192 29 July 2013-2 August 2013 033-3452984 29 July 2013-2 August 2013 29 July 2013-2 August 2013 29 July 2013-2 August 2013 29 July 2013-2 August 2013 Johannesburg (Braamfontein) Cape Town Jozini Ladysmith, St. Chads, Watersmeet, Imbazane, Pomeroy 011-4031151 021-4265135 35 DATE 11-22 November 2013 2nd SEMESTER FINAL EXAMINATION CENTER OR CAMPUS REGISTERED Examination STUDENTS venue Durban campus, Kwa-Mashu, 27/31 Joe Slovo Phoenix, Malangeni Street (Field Street) Pietermaritzburg Impendle 218 Berg Street PMB 43 Biccard Street 71 Burg Street To be announced To be announced CONTACT NO 031 3056192 11-22 November 2013 033-3452984 11-22 November 2013 11-22 November 2013 11-22 November 2013 11-22 November 2013 Johannesburg (Braamfontein) Cape Town Jozini Ladysmith, St. Chads, Watersmeet, Imbazane, Pomeroy 011-4031151 021-4265135 0798318452 DATE 3-9 December 2013 2nd SEMESTER SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATION STUDENT AT THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS CENTERS Durban campus, Kwa-Mashu, 27/31 Joe Slovo Phoenix, Malangeni Street (Field Street) Pietermaritzburg Impendle 218 Berg Street PMB 43 Biccard Street 71 Burg Street To be announced To be announced CONTACT NO 031 3056192 3-9 December 2013 033-3452984 3-9 December 2013 3-9 December 2013 3-9 December 2013 3-9 December 2013 Johannesburg (Braamfontein) Cape Town Jozini Ladysmith, St. Chads, Watersmeet, Imbazane, Pomeroy 011-4031151 021-4265135 36 6. 3 Requirements to write examinations -Every student needs to collect a confirmation slip from their campus or center, This confirmation slip grant permission to a student to write the examinations. -No student will be allowed to write examinations at any center/campus without a confirmation slip. Student may collect their confirmation slips at their nearest center 2 weeks prior to the commencement of examinations -Students who have outstanding fees will not be granted permission to write examination -Student has found guilty of disregard ing Oval international rules and regulations 6. 4 Failure to write Students who do not attempt the final examination due to illness or circumstances beyond their control are required to submit proof to the ODL head office within 5 working days of the examination. 6. 5 Remarking of examination scripts Remarking of examination scribes will only be considered within 5 days after the examination marks are available to students. A fee of R200. 00 per examination will be charged for the re-mark. In the event of a discrepancy between the original mark and the remark the higher mark will be considered Application form remark form must be completed and forward to odlexam@oval. co. za 6. Supplementary Examinations Student who obtain a final mark between 25% -49% will qualify to write a supplementary examination The student who qualifies for the supplementary examination is required to pay an additional fee of R100. 00 and complete an application form. The form must be submitted to head office (email: odlfin@oval. co. za) The onus is on the student to enquire if they qualify for supplementary examinations. 6. 7 Examination Scope The Oval academic team will provide an examination scope before examination; this scope will serve as a guide for students writing examinations. The guide will be available to student 3 week prior to the commencement of examinations 6. 8 Student requirements for the examination period Stationery Student card and identification document Confirmation slip Calculator were applicable 37 7. FINANCE 7. Student Fee Oval has three payment plans designed to suit individual student needs (a)Cash Plan (full fee paid at registration) (b)Easi Plan (6 months) (c)Flexi Plan (10 months) Students are required to pay their fees according to the plan they have chosen. Failure to make payment as per you payment plan could result in interest accrued on your account etc. 7. 2 Payment You can make payment by Electronic Transfer, Bank Direct deposit or payment at DURBAN campus only. All oval centers are cashless centers. For every payment you must request a receipt from Oval. Payment steps Electronic Transfer, Bank Direct deposit 1. Transfer /Deposit money into the Oval account 2. Forward your proof to odlfin@oval. co. a or drop off at your nearest center 3. You receive an e-receipt from Oval 7. 3 Re enrolment No student is allowed to register any other qualification with Oval if they have bad debt 7. 4 Additional fees/charge Registration fee (non refundable) registration Change in Academic/Curriculum programme only before 01 March) Evidence for RPL Credit Exemption fee Credit Certificate/Academic Record Re – issue of result sheets Re – issue of Qualification Certificate Supplementary/Aegrotat Exam fee paper Special Examination fee R 300 R 100 per module R 50 per year of study R 100 R 200 (plus postage) R 150 per theory R 150 per practical R 150 per module R 150 (once R 600 upon Unpaid cheques and electronic rejections returned by the R 100 bank Replacement of lost registration cards SLM Textbook R 100 R50. 00 R100. 00 38 7. 5 Account details BANKING DETAILS: ALL CENTERS/CAMPUS EXECEPT JHB CAMPUS Student are advised to forward proof of payment to odlfin@oval. co. za Name of Account Account Number Bank Branch Code Branch Reference Oval International 4060943951 ABSA 632005 Durban Student name surname BANKING DETAILS: JHB CAMPUS ONLY Student are advised to forward proof of payment to odlfin@oval. co. za Account Number Account Name Branch Code Reference 405 968 2546 P. G. M Family Trust 510829 Student name + Course 39 8. Registration Registration What does a student do after completing a year of study and wants to move onto the 2nd or 3rd year? A student is required to renew his/her registration at OVAL International on a year-to-year basis *A student is not automatically registered for the next year of study This must to done after the student receives a final marks for the entire year The student will need to complete his/her registration for the following year of study and attach his or her previous academic record/s in order to re – register. The registration must be submitted to an Oval centre nearest the student. Once the student’s application is received, an Oval Student Advisor will provide the student with a letter confirming his/her acceptance and outlining the fees for that academic year of study. The registration will only be processed if the student’s fees for the previous academic year have been settled in full, and current registration payment is made. (Forward your proof of payment to odlfin@oval. co. za ) NOTE. 1. Software Modules: Please be advised that the onus for the completion of the software modules (where applicable) is the responsibility of the student and will need to be conducted in one of the three methods below : 1. The student will be prescribed the textbook for the software but will need to complete an examination for this at a registered software training provider then submit the results to Oval to be included in his / her final results for the year. 2. The student may attend Oval International’s – Microsoft Office (3 Months programme) at an Oval campus nearest to the student, paying the relevant fees for the course. Then submit these marks for inclusion in his / her final results for the year. 3. Complete a Practical based prescribed assignment for submission on a CD for assessment and complete a Theory based examination as a final assessment for the module. In the first and second instances above, the student will not be billed for the software modules but the remainder of the theory modules selected. In the third instance above, the software fee will be included in the total fee due to the college. 40 9. General 9. Contact details for assistance: The physical address of Oval International Distance Education office is: 27/31 JOE SLOVO (FIELD) STREET, DURBAN. 4001 Support Service ODL Manager Registration Contact Person Rubeshan Nayager ODL Registration Officer : ODL Academic Support : Number 031-3056192 031-305 6192 e -mail address Rubeshan@oval. co. za odlreg@oval. co. za Assignments 031-305 6192 commerceassignments@oval. co. za itassignments@oval. co. za ttassignments@oval. co. za Examination ODL Academic Support : 031-305 6192 odlexams@oval. co. za Finance General ODL Finance Officer : 031-305 6192 ODL Staff 031-305 6192 odlfin@oval. co. za odlsupport@oval. co. za 41 9. OVAL INTERNATIONAL CONTACT DETAILS OVAL INTERNATIONAL CONTACT DETAILS CAMPUS NAME CONTACT 1 Durban head office telephone Rubeshan Nayager 031-3056192 Fax to email Rubeshan Nayager 0866236050 Fax Rubeshan Nayager 031-3062150 2 Administration Officer 3 Pietermaritzburg 4 Johannesburg Fax 5 Cape Town OVAL HOME-UNI AND THUSONG CENTRES Malangeni-Umdoni Jozini Imbabazane-Estcourt Phoenix Kwa -Mashu Ladysmith Impendle St Chads Watersmeet Rubeshan Nayager Arthi Ramdeyal Ms Cherag Singh 031-3056192 033-3452984 011-4031151 011-4031153 021-4265135 Mr. H Smith 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 NAME Patience Mkhize Nicole Nkosi Rebecca Bhengu Riona Sunker Riona Sunker Reshma Domun Hlengwe Ngcobo Nhlanhla Mthabela Londiwe Radebe Thabilile Nhlangu CONTACT 0838566369 0798318452 0827264691 031-3056192 031-3056192 0846024812 0744230307 0837450689 0737547840 0726760292 10 Pomeroy 42 Oval International Computer Education Head Office: 331 Smith Street, Durban, 4000 P. O. Box 2671, Umhlanga Rocks, 4320 Phone: 031-3056192 Fax: 031-3062150 ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING FACULTY: QUALIFICATION: ___________________ SURNAME FIRST NAME/S REGISTRATION /ID NO MODULE TITLE/NAME MODULE CODE NUMBER OF PAGES ASSIGNMENT DUE DATE : : : : : : : BRANCH /CAMPUS/CENTER: YEAR OF STUDY: _________________ ASSIGNMENT SUBMITTED : CONTACT NUMBER STUDENT EMAIL ADDRESS STUDENT’S MARK : : _____________________________________________ : _____________________________________________ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY EXAMINER’S COMMENT : 43 Oval International Computer Education Head Office: 31 Joe Slovo (Field) Street, Durban, 4000 P. O. Box 2671, Umhlanga Rocks, 4320 Phone : 031-3056192 Fax : 031-3062150 APPLICATION FOR ODL SUPPLEMENTARY/AEGROTAT EXAMINATION 1. To be considered for the aegrotat examination, the student MUST produce valid motivation and/or documentation to qualify. (viz: Doctor’s Certificate, Death Certificate, Affidavit, other relevant documents). In this instance no fee will be applicable for this examination. 2. A student will only be considered to write a Supplementary examination if permission has been granted by the Examination Board via the Head of Department prior to the examination. 3. The completed form must be submitted to the Administration Office prior to the commencement of the examination with an application fee of R100. 0 per paper for issue of a confirmation slip. 4. No entry into an examination will be permitted without a confirmation slip. 5. The onus is upon you to refer to the attached timetable and determine the dates on which you are writing examinations. 6. All application for supplementary/aegrotat examinations must be forward to the OD L Department before the commencement of the examination (email:odlfin@oval. co. za) or nearest Oval Center Please complete all details below: NOTE Personal Particulars : Student’s Name Registration Number ID Number Cell phone Number Academic Particulars : Programme Year of Study Module 1 Module 2 Module 3 Motivation: Code Code Code I hereby declare that the information in this application, is true and correct an undertake to supply the institution with additional evidence that may be required. I also understand that should any information given prove to be incorrect, disciplinary action will be taken against me. _____________________ How to cite Management 3a, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Leadership in the Historical Development of Healthcare in New Zealand

Question: Critically analyse and Discuss the impact of Leadership in the Historical Development of Healthcare in New Zealand. Answer: New Zealand is an island nation with a approximate population of 4.5 million people. It has a publicly funded healthcare system, that has universal coverage provided by non-governmental, public and private sectors. New Zealanders have enjoyed a high standard of life by international standards. Whether it be the Human Development Index (HDI) or a measure of education, GDP per capita and life expectancy New Zealand is standing high on the table. It is based on the Kiwis view that everyone should get a fair go at life. New Zealand healthcare system is only 79 years old which progressed after the Social Security Act in the year 1938. Like other advanced countries New Zealand has experienced numerous changes in its healthcare over the course of a century. The unpredictable nature of health in a dynamic environment can result in numerous challenges(Apekey, 2011). Therefore strong leadership in healthcare and most importantly nursing is needed worldwide. Leadership is a hugely discussed asp ect in the healthcare literature and it is important in the development of professional, clinical, strategic capacity of any profession in the healthcare setting. The task of any leader is to ensure alignment, commitment and direction within organizations and teams. This push in the right direction ensures pride and agreement in people to what their organization is planning to achieve, they support its values, vision and their strategy. (Bryder, 1991). In this essay we would learn about leadership and its impact on the healthcare system of New Zealand. The New Zealand nursing workforce have impacted the healthcare system widely, as it has changed from the 1800s from being independent and unregulated untrained nurses to registered nurses of the mid/late 1900s. In New Zealand history, the work of trained nurses who had participated in the World War 1 and would be always remembered. Before the year 1901 setting controls and fighting for registration was a common plight for nurses. But Elizabeth Grace Neil changed this when she lobbied for the passing of laws asking to train the nurses and to register them. This passage of this Act in the year 1901 was the first Act of the parliament of New Zealand in order to provide registration to nurses. After this New Zealand became the first country to provide registration to nurses formally. Elizabeth Grace Neil was trained in Florence Nightingales ideals and believed that women with board education should only be allowed to train as nurses(Tennant, 1978). According to her The main job of a nurse is to serve others. She was convinced that a uniform system is needed to transform nursing that should include national examination followed by state recognition for the nurses. She played a crucial part in d rafting the Registration Act for the year 1901. This bill ensured that the nurses have to train for 3 years, then give a state examination and later they would be registered by the state. Grace Neil was also solely responsible in implementing the act which was the first registration act for the nurses. She decided the curriculum, appointed the examiners and also designed the medal for every registered nurse. It was recorded that within the first year itself 292 nurses registered and the first one was Grace Neil herself. While this bill solved many issues with the nursing profession but still midwifery was not involved in it(Al-Gasseer Persaud, 2003). She realized how it is imperative that similar act was passed for the midwifery profession as well. She started promoting an identical act for the midwives but the implementation process of the midwives Act 1904 was complex. The reason for this complexity was that the institutions that provided formal training for midwifery were limite d. There she faced the adversity of limited sources for formal training. She not only had to create a curriculum but along with that she had to set up maternity hospitals where the midwives could be trained. During last two years of her inspectorate at the St Helens hospitals, she decided that the hospital was meant for respectable wives of the working men. These women could not afford private maternity care but could easily pay a moderate fee. In these hospitals single women and medical students were not allowed as it was seen as a undermining factor for the hospital. She had no pity for the single destitute women as she herself was a widow raising a son. Grace was aiming to set up hospitals that were managed by women with women doctors. There she faced persistent opposition from the male doctors that saw this step as threat to their income and also to their family health. Finally in the year 1904 Midwives Registration Act was introduced by Richard Seddon. All her efforts were not always praised but many of her efforts met with all over criticism. Mainly her step to choose hospital buildings quickly for the midwifery and nursing training. Many people complained that these buildings, that were chosen for this purpose were not suitable and were very old. Her sole purpose was to protect the profession of nursing from unqualified people who were mal-practicing. She displayed all characteristics of an effective leader who emphasize a high quality, safe and compassionate care as their top priority. It was in the 1800s that nursing began in New Zealand. It was in the year 1850, that the first hospital was set up in Auckland. These hospitals included basic cottages run by unskilled and untrained women who were sometimes not more than servants. These hospitals were where the patients were treating patients. These hospitals did not even use disinfectant and were not clean. It was only in the year 1883 that trained and skilled nurses replaced the unskilled and untrained nurses. The Florence Nightingales approach was adopted by the nurses which made them realize that they have to maintain cleanliness and should have some training(Selanders, 2012). Lectures were provided to the nurses by the year 1888 in a twelve month training after which they had to clear an exam. It was in the year 1901 that the Nurses Registration Act was passed that enabled the nurses to get registered(Macdonald, 1991). Firstly only the female nurses worked in the female wards but later they were asked to work in the male wards as it was noticed that they had a soothing, healing and settling effect all the patients irrespective of gender(Schultz, 1992). This was the period of registration and proper training which also highlighted how nurses should have a uniform. In the year 1906 the New Private Hospital Act was passed that had put the hospitals in supervision of the Hospital Department(P., 2001), (R, 2001). Through this act it was monitored that a certain amount of registered midwives, registered nurses and certain number of beds are maintained in every hospital. During this period the new concept of public and social services was extended in which it was realized that prevention is better than cure.(Roth, 1985) In the year 1907 the first baby hospital and diabetic training center for infant welfare nurses was set up, that introduced nurses to a new role where they would visit homes and instruct mothers as how to take care of their babies. In the year 1913 the nurses from Army Nursing ser vice were sent in the war. It was only in the year 1917 that nurses that were trained and registered visited kids at school to check whether their treatment is going as planned. In the year 1934 the New Zealand Trained Nurses Association was changed to New Zealand Registered Nurses Association until the year 1971. (J. Godden, 1993)Gradually the training for nursing changed in the 1960s when they have to train for 3 years in a hospital. In the 1970s a registered nurse supervised the student nurses(P, 2001). It was also in this decade that the nursing training that was hospital based, was changed to university based courses. Where nursing students undertook self-directed learning and also problem based learning. Currently nursing students undertake a 3 year bachelor degree that has fifty percent of theory and fifty percent of practical knowledge. These graduates can further select specific areas for their postgraduate studies such as management, gerontology and leadership. These nurse s then apply to New Zealand Nursing Council for the practicing certificate. As nurse practitioners these registered nurses have to study more in the field of their choice before they would be allowed to practiced. This history shows how nursing has changed from those basic cottage hospitals to systemized healthcare. (McKimm, 2009) James McGregor Burns introduced the Transformational leadership theory. This theory is defined in which a leader and his subordinates or followers help one another to climb a higher level with the use of morality and motivation. Bernard M. Bass further developed this theory in his book titled Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. In his book he explained that this is a model of fairness and integrity. Leaders set clear goals, and set high expectations. They encourage others and provide recognition and support. They motivate others by stirring the emotions in them and encourage others to view past their self-interest. These kind of leaders inspire bonding, trust and loyalty in their team and followers. They inspire others to reach their goals and have high expectations.(Bass, 2003) Their vision is clear and motivate others to deliver the vision. They manage to develop trust based relationships. Transactional leadership is about the view that assumes that employees can be mo tivated by punishment and rewards. In this leadership theory the interest of the organization and that of the leader is above everything else. In this type of leadership there is a clear chain of command. When employees agree to do a job they cede all authority they hold to their manager. A transactional leader creates clear structures of what is required by his subordinates. If an employee agrees to do some work they are completely responsible for it. Failure to do so would result in punishment and some kind of corrective measure. This type of leadership theory has a selling style. It has some limitations as well as it is based on the assumption of a rational man thinking which states that people will always be motivated by rewards. In the end of the 1960s Dr Paul Hersey formed the situational leadership model that states that leaders possess or demonstrate four competencies that are they first diagnose or understand the situation, next they adapt in response to their surroundings, later they communicate with their team members and lastly they advance and manage the outcome. These leaders maintain an acute awareness and have motivating conversations with their employees. They have a skillful influence across their organization that develop committed and engaged employees. Transformational leadership theory is the most important and influencial theory in the healthcare leadership research. Wong along with his colleagues (2013) in his review clearly mentioned that out of nine studies six stated that transactional leaders are the most successful(Wong, 2013). Gilmartin and DAunno in the year 2007 examined healthcare research from the year 1989 to 2005 in their systematic review(Gilmartin, 2007). They concluded that studies in healthcare show that transformational leadership is directly related to staff satisfaction, team and unit performance, turnover intentions and organizational climate. They also included that these effects were reported more strongly in junior staff in comparison to the senior staff. Benefits from the use of transformational leadership have included better work life balance, positive nursing outcomes, better error reporting, patient satisfaction, staff satisfaction and patient safety. They also noticed that vast majority of research w as conducted on nurse managers and nurses. According to their review nurses always preferred managers that were emotionally intelligent, participative, and facilitative. These qualities in a manager was linked to high empowerment, lower stress levels, self-efficacy and team cohesion. Nurse leaders should be power sharing, flexible, and collaborative. They should demonstrate high personal values in order to promote quality performance in their subordinates. Meulemans, Van de Heyning, Van Bogaert, Clarke, and Roelant, (2010) studied about nursing environment and job burnouts that affected the quality of care for the patients(Van Bogaert, 2010). They concluded that nursing management was positively related to the staff satisfaction and perceived quality of care. They also found relationship between medication errors, turnover intention, staff burnout and wellbeing of the staff. Ducharme and Cummings in the year 2013 found a relationship between nurse leadership style and medication err or as well as mortality levels. Guneri, Gunay, Arabay and Karilnli (2008) examined the relationships between nurse managers and their staff using the leader member exchange theory(Katrinli, 2008). They also used nurse organizational identification, and job involvement as factors relating to the relationship between the staff and nurse leader. It was noted that when nurse leaders involved nurses in decision making there was a high levels of job performances and organizational identification. All these researchers have proved that empowerment bring quality improvement in a healthcare setting. Empowerment is a key factor in transformational leadership. As transformational leaders encourage others and provide recognition and support(Kim, 2012). This theory goes beyond the traditional style of leadership that involves group performance, supervision and organization. This theory focuses on the fact that people will work more effectively if they can sense a goal or mission. The leaders com municate their goals and vision to their staff and motivate them in a way that makes the goal exciting and meaningful. This gives the goal a collective and meaningful purpose. The current healthcare setting has been derived from the influence of many models, theories and cases. (McAlearney, 2008) Training, education, and role development for nursing staff and healthcare professionals have the potential to influence service delivery and patient care. Collaborative practice, investment, recognition and equal partnership in a competent and skilled workforce is the key for better future in healthcare. In New Zealand reforms in health have to take into consideration the leadership over the disability system and health. Government have to take into consideration the impact of healthcare workforce and especially nursing on healthcare and quality of care is always significant. The healthcare in New Zealand has gone through major changes since the time of the basic cottages run by untrained women who were sometimes a little more than domestic servants. Contributions from people like Grace Neil have woven a system that has reported a decrease in the traditional clinical autonomy. Now clinical leadership has shaped in building a necessary culture of collaboration that converges the clin ical values along with the corporate culture. Through these researches and studies we can denote that there is a clear need to develop clinical leadership along with managerial leadership including to set up centers that promote health leadership. There is also a constant need to develop an evaluation strategy in health leadership development. Actions are required to address the clinical quality and it can be achieved when initiatives are applied at a wider area in the system. To perform at a high standard the healthcare system requires more than skilled workforce they require a shared view and an overall purpose that combines with effective ways of working. This could be achieved with proper leadership skills as theories like transformational leadership can really help in further strengthening our healthcare system. Leaders like Grace Neil ensure that they offer empathic, empowering, fair, respectful, and supportive leadership. They ensure that the voice of the staff is heard and a cted upon in the organization which provides practical support to the staff. References Al-Gasseer Persaud, V. (2003). Measuring progress in nursing and midwifery globally . Journal of Nursing Scholarship , 309-315. Apekey, T. A. (2011). Room for improvement? Leadership,innovation culture and uptake of quality improvement methods in general practice. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 311. Bass, B. M. (2003). Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of applied psychology, 207. Gilmartin, M. J. (2007). Leadership Research in Healthcare: A Review and Roadmap. The Academy of Management Annals, 387-438. Godden, G. C. (1993). The decline of Myths and Myopia? The use and abuse of Nursing History , 27-34. Katrinli, A. A. (2008). Leadermember exchange, organizational identification and the mediating role of job involvement for nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 354-362. Kim, Y. .-B. (2012). The Role of Leadership in Learning Culture and Patient Safety. International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior, 151175. L, B. (1991). A Healthy Country: Essays on the Social History of Medicine in New Zealand. Wellington: Bridget William Books. Macdonald, C. (1991). The Book of New Zealand Women. Wellington, New Zealand: Bridget Williams Books. McAlearney, A. (2008). Using leadership development programs to improve quality and efficiency in healthcare. Journal of Healthcare Management, 319-331. McKimm, J. R. (2009). Developing medical leadership: a comparative review of approaches in the UK and New Zealand. The International Journal of Leadership in Public Services, 10-23. P, W. (2001). Nursing history: a shift in education In: Nursing New Zealand Centenary Souvenir: 1901 2001. Wellington: Nursing Council of New Zealand. P., F. (2001). A study of the regulation of nursing in New Zealand 1901 - 1997. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. R, G. (2001). Formation of the New Zealand health care system (1840-1970s. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. Roth, M. (1985). "Archives:Association of Women Teachers in 1901". Women Studies Journal , 93-108. Schultz, J. (1992). The Inhospitable Hospital:Gender and Professionalism in Civil War Medicine . Signs, 363-392. Selanders, L. C. (2012). "The Voice of Florence Nightingale on Advocacy". OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing , 23-44. Tennant, M. (1978). 'Mrs Grace Neill in the Department of Asylums, Hospitals and Charitable Institutions. New Zealand Journal of History , 3-16. Van Bogaert, P. C. (2010). Impacts of unit-level nurse practice environment and burnout on nurse-reported outcomes: a multilevel modelling approach. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 166474. Wong, C. A. (2013). Authentic leadership, performance, and job satisfaction: the mediating role of empowerment. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 94759.